Mixed and other forms of Electoral System

Parallel  Representatio

Parallel  Representation

•       A Parallel System is a mixed system in which the choices expressed by the voters are used to elect representatives through two different systems—one List PR system and (usually) one plurality/majority system.

•       But where no account is taken of the seats allocated under the first system in calculating the results in the second system.

•       Parallel systems are currently used in 21 countries in the world.

•       The balance between the number of proportional seats and the number of plurality/ majority seats varies greatly.

•       In the case of Nepal:

Parties	FPTP	PP	Total
CPN (Maoist)	120	100	220
Nepali Congress	35	73	108
CPN (UML)	32	70	102

Mixed Member Proportional

•       Mixed Member Proportional is a mixed system in which the choices expressed by the voters are used to elect representatives through two different systems.

•       These are: one List PR system and (usually) one plurality/majority System :

•       Where the List PR system compensates for the disproportionality in the results from the plurality/majority system.